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The token is an opaque object (supporting equality testing) identifying the current version of the ABC cache for virtual subclasses. The token changes with every call to ``register()`` on any ABC. """ return ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter class ABCMeta(type): """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs). Use this metaclass to create an ABC. An ABC can be subclassed directly, and then acts as a mix-in class. You can also register unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not even via super()). """ # A global counter that is incremented each time a class is # registered as a virtual subclass of anything. It forces the # negative cache to be cleared before its next use. # Note: this counter is private. Use `abc.get_cache_token()` for # external code. _abc_invalidation_counter = 0 def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, /, **kwargs): cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs) # Compute set of abstract method names abstracts = {name for name, value in namespace.items() if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False)} for base in bases: for name in getattr(base, "__abstractmethods__", set()): value = getattr(cls, name, None) if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False): abstracts.add(name) cls.__abstractmethods__ = frozenset(abstracts) # Set up inheritance registry cls._abc_registry = WeakSet() cls._abc_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter return cls def register(cls, subclass): """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC. Returns the subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator. """ if not isinstance(subclass, type): raise TypeError("Can only register classes") if issubclass(subclass, cls): return subclass # Already a subclass # Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass"; # this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op. if issubclass(cls, subclass): # This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below raise RuntimeError("Refusing to create an inheritance cycle") cls._abc_registry.add(subclass) ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter += 1 # Invalidate negative cache return subclass def _dump_registry(cls, file=None): """Debug helper to print the ABC registry.""" print(f"Class: {cls.__module__}.{cls.__qualname__}", file=file) print(f"Inv. counter: {get_cache_token()}", file=file) for name in cls.__dict__: if name.startswith("_abc_"): value = getattr(cls, name) if isinstance(value, WeakSet): value = set(value) print(f"{name}: {value!r}", file=file) def _abc_registry_clear(cls): """Clear the registry (for debugging or testing).""" cls._abc_registry.clear() def _abc_caches_clear(cls): """Clear the caches (for debugging or testing).""" cls._abc_cache.clear() cls._abc_negative_cache.clear() def __instancecheck__(cls, instance): """Override for isinstance(instance, cls).""" # Inline the cache checking subclass = instance.__class__ if subclass in cls._abc_cache: return True subtype = type(instance) if subtype is subclass: if (cls._abc_negative_cache_version == ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter and subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache): return False # Fall back to the subclass check. return cls.__subclasscheck__(subclass) return any(cls.__subclasscheck__(c) for c in (subclass, subtype)) def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass): """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls).""" if not isinstance(subclass, type): raise TypeError('issubclass() arg 1 must be a class') # Check cache if subclass in cls._abc_cache: return True # Check negative cache; may have to invalidate if cls._abc_negative_cache_version < ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter: # Invalidate the negative cache cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter elif subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache: return False # Check the subclass hook ok = cls.__subclasshook__(subclass) if ok is not NotImplemented: assert isinstance(ok, bool) if ok: cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) else: cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass) return ok # Check if it's a direct subclass if cls in getattr(subclass, '__mro__', ()): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive) for rcls in cls._abc_registry: if issubclass(subclass, rcls): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive) for scls in cls.__subclasses__(): if issubclass(subclass, scls): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # No dice; update negative cache cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass) return False